The
WorldFish Center Quarterly
Vol.27, No. 1&2 (January - June 2004)
Community-based marine protected areas in the Bohol (Mindanao) Sea, Philippines
J.D. Indab and P.B. Suarez-Aspilla
Abstract
This paper discusses the status, direction and management issues in the marine protected areas (MPAs)
of the Bohol (Mindanao) Sea, Philippines. The MPAs in the study area have increased through the years.
Many of them were established and managed by the local government units (LGUs) in collaboration
with national government agencies (NGAs), academic institutions, people’s and non-governmental
organizations (NGOs). Several management issues and problems were cited by the MPA managers
such as insuffi cient funds and facilities, lack of support from NGAs/NGOs and lack of education among
the people. Nevertheless, lessons for sustainability can be learned from the experience of some wellmanaged
MPAs in the Bohol Sea. These include strong support from the political leadership, community
participation and networking among the concerned sectors. Although the best practices are being
followed in a number of MPAs in the Bohol Sea, success is still fragmented. The MPAs are currently
managed independently although there are ongoing initiatives to network their efforts. However, it can
be observed that, as a management tool, MPAs are gaining popularity and support, not only among the
fisherfolk but also among local communities and LGUs in the Bohol Sea area.
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Article (PDF 166 KB)
Length-weight relationships of commercially important marine fishes and shellfishes of the Southern Coast of Karnataka, India
K.P. Abdurahiman, T. Harishnayak and P.U. Zacharia and K.S. Mohamed
Abstract
The parameters of the length-weight relationship of the form W = aLb are presented for 51 species of
commercially important marine fi shes and shellfishes caught along the southern coast of Karnataka, India.
Samples from commercial (trawl, purse seines, gill nets) and artisanal gears were taken during August
1999 to May 2001. The ‘b’ value ranged between 1.942 and 3.616 with a mean of 2.80, standard deviation
of 0.32, and mode of 3.
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Article (PDF 118 KB)
Corals, fishermen and tourists
A. Kunzmann
Abstract
Two major anthropogenic activities that disturb coral reefs are fishing and tourism, even though coral
reefs are important for both fishing and tourism. Already more than 60 per cent of all reefs worldwide
are endangered. The use of explosives and poison by small-scale fishers, to supply the market for live
fish for aquariums and for human consumption, cause irreversible damages to reefs. Similarly, rapid and
unmanaged coastal development for marine tourism negatively affects coral reefs in many ways. Though
marine parks and marine protected areas are being promoted all over the world, developing countries
need assistance in establishing and assessing such reserves and for taking appropriate actions for
rehabilitation of reefs. These can be accomplished through partnership projects.
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Article (PDF 262 KB)
Length-weight relationships of marine fishes from the central Brazilian coast
L.O. Frota, P.A.S. Costa and A.C. Braga
Abstract
Parameters of the length-weight relationship are presented for 85 fish species from the marine and
estuarine regions of the central Brazilian coast (latitude 13° to 23° S). Three different methods were used. A
non-linear iterative process using the quasi-Newton algorithm yielded a better fit for all data sets analyzed.
The length-weight allometry coefficient b estimated from standard length data tended to be lower than
from total length data. The difference between these estimates was significant for some species.
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Article (PDF 186 KB)
Use of a fishery independant index to predict recruitment and catches of the spiny lobster
R. Cruz and R. Adriano
Abstract
This paper presents a review of recruitment and catch predictions based on an index of abundance of
juveniles and pre-recruits (fishery independent index) in the Cuban lobster fisheries. This methodology
can provide information based on fisheries data that can improve the management of the fishery.
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Article (PDF 250 KB)
Indicators for management of coral reefs and their applications to marine protected areas
M.C.A. Ablan, J.W. McManus and K. Viswanathan
Abstract
Informed planning and decision-making in the management of natural resources requires an ability to
integrate complex interactions in ecosystems and communicate these effectively to stakeholders. This
involves coping with three fundamental dilemmas. The first comes from the irregular pulse of nature.
The second is the recognition that there are no strictly objective criteria for judging the “well-being” of
an ecosystem. The third is posed by the quest for indicators with some integrative properties that may
be used to analyze an ecosystem and impart the information to the relevant resource users. This paper
presents some examples of indicators used to: 1) assess the status of a coral reef and, in particular, the
state of its fisheries resources; 2) identify reefs that are most threatened by human activities; and 3)
evaluate the likelihood of success of management interventions. These indicators are not exhaustive, but
illustrate the range of options available for the management of coral reef ecosystems.
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Catching and rearing postlarval cleaner shrimp for the aquarium trade: results from a WorldFish Center project in the Solomon Islands
C. Hair, R. Warren, A. Tewaki, C. Haro and W. Phillips
Abstract
Between 1999 and 2003, the WorldFish Center in Solomon Islands conducted research into the feasibility
of a new fishery based on the capture and culture of postlarval coral reef fish for the live fish trade. The
work was carried out in two phases: a research phase from late 1999 to the end of 2002; and a “finetuning” phase in 2003. Most of the species were of value to the marine aquarium trade, with very few
live reef food fi sh recorded. The most valuable ornamentals were the banded cleaner shrimp, Stenopus
species. Cleaner shrimp were harvested using crest nets, the method being modified with the addition
of a solid, water-retaining cod-end designed to increase survival at capture. Grow-out techniques were
improved by rearing the shrimp separately in jars to prevent aggression. The jars were painted black
to protect the shrimp from sunlight. An economic model using experimental catch data and farm gate
prices indicates that the fishery based on shrimp, supplemented with small numbers of lobster and fish
is economically viable. The next step will be setting up a demonstration farm in a village in the Western
Province of Solomon Islands.
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A global protocol for monitoring of coral bleaching
J. Oliver, N. Setiasih, P. Marshall and L. Hansen
Abstract
Coral bleaching and subsequent mortality represent a major threat to the future health and productivity
of coral reefs. However a lack of reliable data on occurrence, severity and other characteristics of
bleaching events hampers research on the causes and consequences of this important phenomenon. This
article describes a global protocol for monitoring coral bleaching events, which addresses this problem
and can be used by people with different levels of expertise and resources.
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Use of enriched live prey in promoting growth and maturation of Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon)
Annita Yong Seok Kian, Saleem Mustafa and Ridzwan A. Rahman
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the effect of nutritional management of broodstock of Penaeus
monodon on growth and maturation. Test specimens were obtained from a grow-out pond before
attainment of maturity and were reared in hatchery tanks. Four types of dietary treatments (M1–M4) were
given to separate batches that were run in duplicate. Feeding trials continued for five months. A diet with
live bloodworm, bioencapsulated to contain tricalcic phosphate as its major component, was found to be
the most efficient. Specimens of this particular batch assimilated food more efficiently, grew at a faster
rate and attained maturity earlier than other groups. Bloodworm provided the lipid fractions for which
there is no de novo synthesis in shrimp. The enrichment product acted by promoting somatic growth and
increasing transfer of biochemical constituents needed by the ovary for development.
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Feasibility of fisheries co-management in Africa
A.S. Khan, H. Mikkola and R. Brummett
Abstract
The current, highly centralized approach to fisheries management seems to be incapable of coping with
escalating resource depletion and environmental degradation. Co-management has been identified as
an alternative. This paper compares various approaches to fisheries management and discusses their
performance in relation to the nature of the fishery. It is concluded that in African fisheries, stringent
institutional arrangements, poor human, technical and financial resources, and a limited time frame
often thwart co-management approaches. However, with the right conditions and prerequisites, comanagement can be successful in improving compliance with regulations and maintaining or enhancing
the quality of the resource. The paper brings out the issues that require further research.
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High level of hybridisation in three species of Indian major carps
V. Simonsen, M.M. Hansen, Md. R.I. Sarder and Md. S. Alam
Abstract
Thirty individuals of each species of Indian major carps, i.e., Catla catla, Cirrhinus cirrhosus (C. mrigala)
and Labeo rohita, obtained from a nursery near Mymensingh, Bangladesh were analysed by means of
allozyme electrophoresis. Twenty-one loci were studied. Several loci revealed significant deviation from
Hardy-Weinberg expectations caused by deficiency of heterozygotes, indicating Wahlund effects due
to problems with species identification. Moreover, bimodal distributions of individual heterozygosity
within the three putative species indicated hybridisation. This was confirmed using analysis of individual
admixture proportions, as individuals misidentified to species and hybrids between species were
observed. Furthermore, factorial correspondence analysis to visualize genetic relationships among
individuals revealed three distinct groups containing misclassified individuals, along with some
intermediate individuals interpreted as hybrids. Ten per cent of all C. catla and L. rohita had been
erroneously identified to species, and 40 per cent of all presumptive C. catla were hybrids between C. catla
x C. cirrhosus and C. catla x L. rohita. In the case of C. cirrhosus, 37 per cent of the samples were C. cirrhosus
x L. rohita hybrids. Thirty per cent of all presumptive L. rohita turned out to be hybrids between L. rohita x
C. catla and L. rohita x C. cirrhosus. The high incidence of hybrids in C. catla might be responsible for slower
growth of the fish in aquaculture.
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