The
WorldFish Center Quarterly
Vol. 25,
No. 3&4 (July December 2002)
Contents
Meso-scale
Transboundary Units for the Management of Coral
Reefs in the South China Sea Area
M.C.A. Ablan, J.W. McManus,
C.A. Chen, K.T. Shao, J. Bell, A.S. Cabanban,
V.S. Tuan and I.W. Arthana
Abstract
Local communities
and local government units are recognized as the
primary stakeholders and participants in the management
of coral reef resources and the primary beneficiaries
of small-scale fishing activities in the nearshore
areas of the coastal zone. The issues relating
to the management of the coastal zone are multi-faceted
and some issues are largely intertwined with national
policy and development goals. Thus, national governments
have jurisdiction over these nearshore coastal
resources to harmonize policies, monitor resource
use and provide incentives for sustainable use.
However, the natural boundaries of these reef
resources, the processes that support reef ecosystems,
and the local or national affiliation of the people
who benefit from them may transcend the boundaries
of the local and national management units. Therefore,
efforts to arrest the decline in fish catch and
loss of biodiversity for reefs require management
interventions and assessment activities to be
carried out at varying scales. In Southeast Asia,
some aspects of reef and reef resources management
particularly in deciding the allocation
of catch among competing fisheries, development
of sustainable harvest strategies, use of broodstock
for restocking or stock enhancement programs,
protection of nursery and spawning areas, designation
of systems of marine protected areas, and the
identification of representative, adequate and
comprehensive areas for biodiversity conservation
in the region may require the definition
of larger management units. At the regional level,
multi-country initiatives will need to define
units for the transboundary management of resources.
The use of large marine ecosystems (LMEs) to identify
and manage fisheries resources may be a starting
point; however, given the relatively sedentary
nature of coral reef-dwelling and reef-associated
organisms compared with other pelagic and demersal
species, meso-scale transboundary units within
the LMEs have to be defined. This paper provides
suggestions for transboundary management units
for coral reef and reef-associated resources in
Southeast Asia based on information from genetic
structures of model organisms in the region. In
addition, specific reef areas are identified,
which may be important beyond their national boundaries,
as potential sources of recruits.
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Article (PDF 73 KB)
Aquaculture
in Jamaica
K.A. Aiken, D.
Morris, F.C. Hanley and R. Manning
Abstract
Jamaica, with its overfished marine resources,
has become a major tilapia producer in Latin America
led by a small number of large farms practicing
tilapia culture with considerable commercial success.
Across the country, however, aquaculture is typically
practiced by a large number of small-scale fish
farmers who own less than 1.0 ha of land. Production
is constrained by lack of credit, finite land
space and suitable soil type, but larger existing
aquaculturists are expanding further for overseas
markets. Inspired by pioneering tilapia fish culture
demonstration projects funded by the USAID and
the government of Jamaica, fish culture production
rose from a few hundred kg of Oreochromis niloticus
in 1977, to about 5 000 t of processed fish mainly
red hybrid tilapia, in 2000. Most of this quantity
was exported to Europe and North America.
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Article (PDF 78 KB)
Integration
of Freshwater Prawn Culture with Rice Farming
in Kuttanad, India
B. M. Kurup and
K. Ranjeet
Abstract
The integration of paddy cultivation with prawn/fish
culture can become a viable alternative to effectively
utilize the vast area of derelict polders (embanked
coastal flood plains) in Kuttanad, India. Nearly
55 000 ha of wetlands in Kuttanad are available
for paddy cultivation year-round. Around 5 000
ha of the polders are utilized for Macrobrachium
rosenbergii culture as a follow-up crop. Of
the total area, about 250 ha of fallow polders
are utilized for monoculture of M. rosenbergii
from March to October, while in 4 750 ha polyculture
with Indian and exotic carps is practiced from
November to June. Stocking density is 15 000 to
60 000/ha for monoculture of M. rosenbergii,
while in polyculture with carps, it is 5 000 to
20 000/ha of prawn and 5 000 to 10 000/ha of fish.
Production from monoculture varies from 95 to
1 297 kg/ha whereas production from polyculture
systems it is 70 to 500 kg/ha of prawn and 200
- 1 200 kg/ha of fish. Profits range from Rs.
5 000 to 20 000/ha. An evaluation is made of how
the present polders of Kuttanad are best utilized
for culture of M. rosenbergii following
different systems of integrated farming and how
the integration is useful in the aquaculture sustainability
of Kuttanad, a tropical wetland ecosystem.
View
Article (PDF 37 KB)
Length-weight
Relationship of Mudskippers (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae)
in the Coastal Areas of Selangor, Malaysia
M.Z. Khaironizam
and Y. Norma-Rashid
Abstract
Parameters a and b of the length-weight
relationship (LWR) were estimated for eleven species
of mudskippers caught in the coastal areas of
Selangor, Malaysia. The values of b ranged
from 2.56 to 3.50 with the mean b equal
to 2.95 (n=11; sd=0.302). A normal distribution
of the calculated LWR exponent (b) was
obtained.
View
Article (PDF 47 KB)
Diet
Composition of Fish Species from the Southern
Continental Shelf of Colombia
R.H. López-z-Peralta
and C.A.T Arcila
Abstract
The diet composition of 30 fish species belonging
to 16 families from the Pacific Coast of Colombia
is described. Benthic crustaceans (37.5%) and
bony fishes (23.7%, chiefly demersal) were the
most important food items for the fish species
analyzed. Data on diet composition of the fish
species are presented for the first time which
can be a source of information for trophic modeling.
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Article (PDF 64 KB)
Fisheries
of the Farasan Islands (Red Sea)
W. Gladstone
Abstract
The fisheries of the Farasan Islands (Saudi Arabia,
Red Sea) are described. The fishery resources
are exploited by artisanal, investor and industrial
sectors. The artisanal fishery consists mostly
of line fishing around coral reefs and about half
the fishing effort occurs within the proposed
marine protected area (MPA). Activities by investor
and industrial fisheries sector include line fishing,
gill netting, fish trapping and demersal fish
trawling. The relevant resource management issues
that need to be addressed as part of a planning
study for the establishment of a MPA are also
presented. The major issues are: (1) the decline
in the catch of the artisanal fishery; (2) by
catch and habitat degradation; (3) sustainability
in the collection of giant clams and pearl shells;
and (4) the lack of information such as the importance
of MPA to fisheries, stock assessment and catch
and effort data. A significant role in the future
management of the fisheries has been identified
for the traditional representatives of the artisanal
sector.
View
Article (PDF 67 KB)
African
Freshwater Fisheries: What Needs to be Managed?
E. Jul-Larsen and
P. van Zwieten
Abstract
The management of African freshwater fisheries
in Southern African Development Coordination (SADC)
countries is discussed. Changes in catch and fishing
effort in the SADC freshwater fisheries in the
past 50 years, the main causes behind the patterns
of change in fishing effort, the effects of fishing
effort and environment on the regeneration of
fish stocks, as well as existing and proposed
fisheries management regulations are investigated.
View
Article (PDF 53 KB)
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